Story Of Alchemy And The Beginnings Of Chemistry by M. M. Pattison Muir (2004)

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"CONTENTS.
CHAP.
I. THE EXPLANATION OF MATERIAL CHANGES GIVEN BY GREEK
THINKERS 9
II. A SKETCH OF ALCHEMICAL THEORY 21
III. THE ALCHEMICAL NOTION OF THE UNITY AND SIMPLICITY OF
NATURE 37
IV. THE ALCHEMICAL ELEMENTS AND PRINCIPLES 45
V. THE ALCHEMICAL ESSENCE 58
VI. ALCHEMY AS AN EXPERIMENTAL ART 79
VII. THE LANGUAGE OF ALCHEMY 96
VIII. THE DEGENERACY OF ALCHEMY 105
IX. PARACELSUS, AND SOME OTHER ALCHEMISTS 115
X.
SUMMARY OF THE ALCHEMICAL DOCTRINE—THE
REPLACEMENT OF THE THREE PRINCIPLES OF THE ALCHEMISTS
BY THE SINGLE PRINCIPLE OF PHLOGISTON
122
XI. THE EXAMINATION OF THE PHENOMENA OF COMBUSTION 140
XII. THE RECOGNITION OF CHEMICAL CHANGES AS THE
INTERACTIONS OF DEFINITE SUBSTANCES 157
XIII. THE CHEMICAL ELEMENTS CONTRASTED WITH THE
ALCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES 165
XIV. THE MODERN FORM OF THE ALCHEMICAL QUEST OF THE ONE
THING 179
INDEX 205
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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
FIG. PAGE
AN ALCHEMICAL LABORATORY Frontispiece
1. THE MORTIFICATION OF METALS PRESENTED BY THE
IMAGE OF A KING DEVOURING HIS SON 66
2 and
3.
THE MORTIFICATION OF METALS PRESENTED BY
IMAGES OF DEATH AND BURIAL 67,68
4 and
5. TWO MUST BE CONJOINED TO PRODUCE ONE 70,71
6. HERMETICALLY SEALING THE NECK OF A GLASS
VESSEL 80
7. SEALING BY MEANS OF A MERCURY TRAP 81
8. AN ALCHEMICAL COMMON COLD STILL 82
9. A BALNEUM MARIÆ 84
10. ALCHEMICAL DISTILLING APPARATUS 85
11. A PELICAN 88
12. AN ALCHEMIST WITH A RETORT 89
13. AN ALCHEMIST PREPARING OIL OF VITRIOL 92
14. ALCHEMICAL APPARATUS FOR RECTIFYING SPIRITS 93
15. PURIFYING GOLD PRESENTED BY THE IMAGE OF A
SALAMANDER IN THE FIRE 104
16. PRIESTLEY'S APPARATUS FOR WORKING WITH GASES 145
17. APPARATUS USED BY LAVOISIER IN HIS EXPERIMENTS
ON BURNING MERCURY IN AIR 156"